Standard output (stdout) and standard error (stderr) are two concepts that, while simple, play a core role in log recording, error handling, and data stream management. This article will explore the differences and applications of stdout and stderr, especially how to use them effectively in a Python environment. Standard Output (stdout) and Standard Error (stderr)In most operating systems, standard output and standard error are two main output streams of a process. They provide a mechanism for the process to send information and error messages to a terminal or file. Although these two streams might be physically the same (for example, both displayed on the same terminal interface), they are used for different purposes logically: Standard Output (stdout): Typically used to output the results of program execution or normal running information. Standard Error (stderr): Specifically used for outputting error messages or warnings, which are usually intended to be seen or recorded even when standard output is redirected. print and logging in PythonIn Python, the print function by default sends information to stdout, while the logging module sends log messages to stderr by default. This is done to differentiate normal program output from log (including error and debug information) output, making it easier for developers to manage and filter output information. Using printprint is the most basic output function in Python, used to send information to the standard output stream. It is simple to use and suitable for quick debugging or displaying information to users. For example: 1 print("Hello, world!") Using loggingThe logging module provides a flexible framework for adding log messages in applications.

BackgroundWhen it’s necessary to share or analyze web content, long screenshots are an extremely practical form, as they can completely display a page. However, when dealing with these long screenshots, how to maintain their integrity and readability while making them convenient for subsequent operations has always been a challenge. For example, currently (early 2024), mainstream AI image models still cannot process very large, complex pictures. If a long screenshot is forced into a model, it will lead to poor performance of the model output (many details cannot be recognized). To solve this problem, I have developed a tool based on OpenCV, aimed at simplifying the process of handling long screenshots while preserving their content’s integrity and readability. This project is open-sourced on my Github: https://github.com/Tim-Saijun/Web-page-Screenshot-Segmentation Different from many existing tools or methods, Web-page Screenshot Segmentation uses OpenCV to automatically identify and follow the natural separation lines of web content, automatically finding the most suitable segmentation points. This means that titles, paragraphs, or charts can be neatly preserved in the segmented images without content breaks or omissions. Using the Web-page Screenshot Segmentation is very simple, only requiring a long screenshot, and the tool will automatically analyze the content of the image and intelligently decide the segmentation points. Ultimately, you will obtain a series of complete and well-structured images, convenient for sharing and further processing. IntroductionThis project aims to segment a webpage’s long screenshot into several parts based on the height of the text. The main idea is to find areas of low variation in the image, and then to locate division lines within those low variation areas.

Language models led by GPT have completely changed the writing of crawlers. Previously, crawling a specific site might require special configuration or processing due to each site’s unique structure to extract desired information. However, with GPT, it’s not impossible for a crawler to extract any information it wants from all sites. To this end, I wrote a general crawler that uses GPT to extract information during the crawling process and open-sourced it on Github. IntroductionGPT-Web-Crawler is a web crawler based on python and puppeteer that can crawl web pages and extract content from them (including page titles, URLs, keywords, descriptions, all text content, all images, and screenshots). It is very easy to use - just a few lines of code are needed to crawl web pages and extract content, making it quite suitable for those not familiar with web crawling and hoping to use web crawlers to extract content from web pages. The crawler’s output can be a JSON file, easily converted into a CSV file, imported into a database, or used to build an AI agent. Getting StartedStep 1. Install the package. 1 pip install gpt-web-crawler Step 2. Copy config_template.py and rename it to config.py. Then, edit the config.py file to configure the OpenAI API key and other settings if you need ProSpider to help you extract content from web pages. If you do not need AI to help you extract content from web pages, you can keep the config.py file unchanged. Step 3. Execute the following code to launch a crawler.

Introduction Definition of the IoT Technical Understanding The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to an intelligent network where objects’ information is collected through intelligent sensing devices, transmitted over networks, and processed at designated information centers, ultimately achieving automated information exchange and processing among objects, and between humans and objects. Application Understanding The IoT integrates all objects in the world into one network, forming the IoT, which then connects with the existing “Internet” to integrate human society with physical systems, achieving finer and dynamic management of production and life. Common Understanding Combining RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) and WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) to provide services in monitoring, command dispatch, remote data collection and measurement, and remote diagnosis for users in their production and living. Characteristics of the IoT Comprehensive Perception Using RFID, sensors, QR codes, etc., to obtain information about objects anytime and anywhere. Reliable Transmission Through the integration of networks and the internet, the information of objects is transmitted to users in real-time and accurately. Intelligent Processing Utilizing computing, data mining, and artificial intelligence technologies, such as fuzzy recognition, to analyze and process massive data and information and intelligently control objects. Conceptual Model of the IoTPerception (sensing layer), Transmission (network layer), and Computing (application layer) Sensing Layer: Identifies objects, collects, and captures information through methods such as RFID and cameras, laying the foundation for the IoT’s comprehensive perception. Requires more comprehensive and sensitive perception abilities, low power consumption, and solutions for miniaturization and cost reduction. Network Layer: Connects the sensing layer with the application layer, achieving ubiquitous connectivity, which is the most mature aspect at present; consists of access networks, core networks, and service platforms.

ForewordThe Aurora theme, developed by @San Diamond, is a Hexo theme that’s atmospheric and beautiful. However, as a design intended for the public, there are still some niche needs that are not met. Therefore, I made modifications according to my own needs, which is Aurora-s. It is important to note that: In my modifications, there are some text prompts under the loading animations that cannot be customized. The modified version of Aurora-s is based on Aurora V2.5.2. Efforts will be made to keep up with the original updates, but full adoption cannot be guaranteed. Aurora is almost impeccable in terms of aesthetics, but still lacks in functionality, such as the reading experience. The above image was captured on a notebook’s small screen original page, showing that the spacing between components is very large, and the content display density is very low, requiring constant scrolling on small screens, which is a very poor reading experience (not so noticeable on large screens). Therefore, the main purpose of the magic modification is to increase display density and optimize the reading experience. Modifications Loading Animation Since the theme-generated js and css will change and cannot be hosted by a third party, and the js file is not small, coupled with my deployment overseas, there will be a considerable first load time when the network is bad (looking forward to San Diamond’s optimization). If it takes a long time to load and is still blank, it might be mistaken for the website being down. Therefore, a loading animation was added, which will disappear when the basic framework of the page is loaded.

WebhookWebhook is a type of HTTP-based callback function that can be used for lightweight, event-driven communication between two Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). A client provides a server API with a unique URL and specifies the events it wants to be informed about. After setting up a webhook, the client no longer needs to poll the server; when the specified event occurs, the server will automatically send the relevant payload to the client’s Webhook URL. Webhooks can be an important component of automation and are easy to implement (just a single HTTP request that can be embedded anywhere). Webhook message pushing is supported by domestic platforms such as Feishu, DingTalk, and WeChat Work. The advantages are clear, but the downside is the lack of uniform parameters for HTTP requests, since it’s too simplistic without a standardized protocol. Different platforms use different terms, such as “msg” on one platform and “message” or “text” on another. Therefore, to fully utilize webhooks, it’s necessary to create your own Webhook parsing service, which thankfully isn’t complicated. This article will use Github Webhook as an example, parsing and pushing it to WeChat Work with Flask. However, if you don’t have highly customized needs and only want to use Github Webhook without other platforms, you can use Dingling, which can forward Github Webhook to WeChat Work. Dingling only supports pushing messages in Markdown format (which cannot be viewed directly on WeChat), which is why I gave up on it. CloudFlare WebhookThe message body of the CloudFlare Webhook is very simple, as follows: